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Título del libro: Handbook Of Famine, Starvation, And Nutrient Deprivation: From Biology To Policy
Título del capítulo: Thyroid axis and energy balance: Focus on animals and implications for humankind

Autores UNAM:
PATRICIA ILEANA JOSEPH BRAVO; MARIANA GUTIERREZ MARISCAL; ELIZABETH LORRAINE JAIMES HOY; JEAN-LOUIS JOSEPH MARIE CHARLI CASALONGA;
Autores externos:

Idioma:
Inglés
Año de publicación:
2019
Palabras clave:

Adrenal axis; Arcuate nucleus; Deiodinase; Diet; Energy balance; Paraventricular nucleus; Programming; Stress; Tanycytes; Thyroid axis; Thyroid hormone; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropinreleasing hormone; Trh-degrading ectoenzyme


Resumen:

Research on animals has revealed multiple mechanisms, brain circuits, and peripheral signals that coordinate energy homeostasis. This review summarizes information relevant to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, one of the outputs that the central nervous system uses to control energy utilization. It is hierarchically organized and controlled by paraventricular nucleus hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons integrating central and peripheral information. These neurons regulate thyrotropin secretion from anterior pituitary and thyroid hormone production. Tissue concentrations of thyroid hormones depend in addition on transporters and deiodinases expressed by target tissues. Thyroid hormones control basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, lipolysis, and glycolysis, as well as the development and performance of immune and nervous systems; they exert feedback control on the axis at multiple levels. Fasting, food restriction, malnutrition, stress, and disease downregulate the activity of the thyroid axis, an adaptation that minimizes energy utilization. In contrast, dietinduced obesity activates the axis, although deiodinase activities limit its capacity to compensate for energy excess. Maternal nutritional status or stress during gestation, and/or lactation, programs offspring's body weight, neuroendocrine axes, and energy metabolism in the adult. Studies in animals contributed to identify pathophysiological events of the thyroid axis associated with human diseases. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.


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