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Título del libro: The Innate Immune System In Health And Disease: From The Lab Bench Work To Its Clinical Implications: Volume 2
Título del capítulo: Modulation of the Innate Immune System by Extracellular Vesicles

Autores UNAM:
RAUL JOSE BOBES RUIZ; JULIO CESAR CARRERO SANCHEZ;

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Autores externos:

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Idioma:

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Año de publicación:
2022

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Palabras clave:

autoimmune diseases; cancer; exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; immunotherapy; infectious diseases; innate immunity; microvesicles

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Resumen:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a wide range of structures delimited by a lipid bilayer that are released into the extracellular space by virtually any cell studied. EVs are classified according to their subcellular origin and diameter into exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies and other uncharacterized EVs. EVs are key structures in intercellular communication allowing the exchange of numerous molecules that constitute their cargo, including soluble and membrane proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA, and diverse RNA types. When EVs reach a target cell, they are usually internalized by endocytosis, phagocytosis, or by fusion with the acceptor membrane to deliver their cargo into the cytosol, thereby inducing changes in the recipient cell. In the case of innate immune cells, EVs can influence many processes, including maturation, activation, migration, cytokine and chemokine release, antigen presentation and effector functions. The effects can result in either activation or suppression of their function depending on the source of EVs and the context in which they are produced. During a pathological process, host cell EVs tend to promote inflammatory responses that activate the innate and adaptive immunity to control the disease. In contrast, EVs released by pathogens during infection diseases or EVs from tumor cells during cancer tend to exert an important immunosuppressive role on innate immune cells that prevent the resolution of the infection or favor the development of tumors and metastatic niches, respectively. On the other hand, during autoimmune diseases, EVs tend to promote the development and maintenance of inflammation. However, due to their immunomodulatory effects, EVs are promising tools for the treatment of many diseases in humans and animals. Thus, immunotherapy based on EVs is a field that is gaining popularity recently and it is envisioned that it may have a great impact on processes such as transplantation and the treatment of acute inflammation. Therefore, EVs play an important role in the maintenance of innate immune homeostasis and their study will make an important contribution to understanding the intricate communication of innateimmune cells in health and disease. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Entidades citadas de la UNAM:

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Fuente:


ISBN:
9781685076498
Editorial:
Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Nombre de la publicación:
Modulation of the Innate Immune System by Extracellular Vesicles
Página inicial:
129
Página final:
234

Tipo de producto:
Capítulo de un Libro