Título del libro: The Innate Immune System In Health And Disease: From The Lab Bench Work To Its Clinical Implications: Volume 2
Título del capítulo: Asthma beyond Adaptive Immunity: Fighting Corticosteroid Resistance
CLAUDIA ANGELICA GARAY CANALES;
Autores externos:
Idioma:
Año de publicación:
2022
Palabras clave:
asthma endotypes; asthma therapy; inflammation; innate immune response
Resumen:
Asthma is a multifaceted heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyper-responsiveness of the respiratory tract, bronchial obstruction, mucus overproduction, and airway remodeling. It is one of the most rapidly growing disorders, which affects around one-third of the world?s population. According to WHO statistics, around 461,000 deaths annualy are attributed to severe disease annually, and most asthma-related deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. There are increasing reports of resistance to conventional therapies, such as steroids or bronchodilators. Misdiagnosed or inadequate treatment leads to poor quality of life and creates a burden on families, societies, and countries. Its heterogeneity is linked to its multifactorial nature, which leads to various mechanistic inflammatory pathways. The common misconception is that asthma is mainly set off by common allergens like pollen or dust. Furthermore, asthma has been commonly classified into two main types: allergic and nonallergic. Nonetheless, this classification appears to be an oversimplification. Nowadays, asthma can be classified in different endotypes, based on the source of the stimulus that triggers the immunopathology; pollution particles, fungus or viral infections, work environment, aspirin, etc. The pathogenesis can also be related to the age of onset of the disease (childhood vs. late-onset asthma), obesity, or even menstruation. Traditionally, airway inflammation in asthma was considered exclusively part of adaptive immunity. Nonetheless, the identification of innate lymphoid cells, the difference in the pathogenesis according to the presence of eosinophils vs. neutrophils, an increased presence of monocytes or dendritic cells, the secretion of different cytokines, and their potential role in atopic disorders significantly contributes to determining the inflammatory response that characterizes the different asthma phenotypes. In fact, the pathophysiology of asthma shares common cascades and signaling molecules in both types of immunity. Therefore, any immunological mechanism leading to asthma also involves the activation of the innate immune system. In this chapter, we address the innate immune mechanisms of different endotypes involved in the diversity of phenotypes of asthma, the approaches for an accurate diagnosis, and the current options for its proper management. The deeper knowledge of the role of different cells of the innate immune system, the mechanisms involved, and the identification of asthma endotypes will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this heterogeneous condition. Additionally, biomarkers involved in the disease will provide a better diagnosis, which will help physicians offer a safer, more precise, and more effective treatment focused on targeted medicine. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Entidades citadas de la UNAM:
ISBN:
9781685076498
Editorial:
Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Nombre de la publicación:
Asthma beyond Adaptive Immunity: Fighting Corticosteroid Resistance
Página inicial:
61
Página final:
86
Tipo de producto:
Capítulo de un Libro
